Culture or Immorality?

I know eavesdropping is not necessarily moral but I do it often when I dine alone (which is a lot in G-town). This week I listened with great interest and enthusiasm to what people had to say about polygamy. And it is not because I believe in the practice, for I DON’T! I just believe in the concept of culture.

First, let me state that I appreciate that understanding anyone’s culture is not an easy task. So my intention is not to be or sound virtuous. My intention is to merely pose a few questions that may hopefully help to differentiate culture from wrong-doing or even immorality.

From what I heard, it sounded to me like people had accepted Mr President’s statement that polygamy is a cultural practice. Indeed this is true, but only if accepted and understood in context.

For example, in Lesotho not every man can practice polygamy because not all men have a sizeable herd of cattle. Of course, I am not being literal here! My point is, not every man can have more than one wife unless the man can provide for the wives (without assistance from anyone 😉 ). That is, the man has to be on the wealthy side.

[It is important to note that the “clause” attached to wealth or affordance only applies when a man wants to practice polygamy. For monogamy, “monyala ka peli o nyala oa hae” . Roughly translated, this means with two cows one can marry. Therefore, even the poorest of the poor can marry since with love and honour one can build a family*.]

Ok, back on track…affordability is just one dimension. The other important dimension pertains to whether or not the wife or wives approve; for without approval the family will never be united. The question then to ask is: what does approval entail? Does the man go out to hunt or he merely expresses his desire to increase his ‘spread’ ? If he goes to hunt, is it before or after seeking approval?

To me, the answers to these questions define what is culturally acceptable and what is immoral. If approval is sought after a man has planted his seed that becomes rubber stamping and therefore that cannot be taken as part of traditional culture or any culture based on respect. And indeed, in such scenarios, as far as Sesotho culture is concerned, a man wouldn’t seek approval but would seek to make necessary amendments; precisely because he acknowledges his wrong-doing or immorality. When this acknowledgement is made, then we happily move forward since to forgive is divine!

___________

* Its interpretations such as this one that make me appreciate the depth of Sesotho language! As a by the way, the statement is a classic example of use of what is known as “mokhabo-puo-lepata”! Translated, this means language embellished with hidden meaning!

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Aging gracefully

Its official! If I were to decide to leave no seal unscathed I could easily succeed 😉 . This was confirmed by the young men returning from a serenading session who eagerly greeted me as I was heading to the office. They were using words like chicky and with great enthusiasm they made sure I took my time to appreciate why they were in their boxers 😳 !

All in all, I found it rather flattering. But most importantly, I thought that was a clear affirmation that I am far from qualifying as a cougar for I seem to be aging rather gracefully – even if I say so myself 😉 .

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Action for Haiti in the city of Saints and Sinners

This is what my dear sister has said about the current situation in Haiti.

The situation in Haiti has gone way past its boundaries, this is a WORLD situation and as citizens of the world we are all obliged to reach out in any way we can to help our brothers and sisters deal with the devastation, confusion and anguish that they are now facing.

This is certainly true and yesterday when I went to church, I was glad that our own community is taking action! And not just that, I was glad that we were reminded of the virtues of serving others. A particular hymn that drove the message for me was the “Servant King”. It reminded those of us who proclaim to be Christians that our Lord is King of service. And to follow him we must be of services to others.

So let us learn
How to serve
And in our lives
Enthrone Him
Each other’s needs
To prefer
For it is Christ
We’re serving

I therefore hope that whether Christian or not, we as part of humanity will begin to serve one another irrespective of geography! We can do this by making small donations of any kind. I think many believe that one must donate money but time too can be donated!

Bottom line for this post is: We can all help the people of Haiti! So lets do it! We at G’town, the city and Saints and Sinners are proud to take action. If at all you are in G’town you can make your donations at the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. George. We will be channeling all our donations to a reputable agency that is on the ground in Haiti like the ‘Gift of the Givers’!

Otherwise donations can be made by depositing money into an account set by the Anglican main office – Church of the Province of Southern Africa (CPSA). The details are as follows.

Bank: Standard Bank
Account Name: CPSA Disaster Relief Fund
Branch: Cape Town
Branch IBT Code: 02 0009
Account Number: 07 007 8394

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Looking forward …

Since entering adulthood, I have been on a wonderful journey which I dubbed: “getting to the roots”. I began this journey by looking for a man who contributed partly to my good looks 🙂 . In the very first birthday card I got from him, he wrote the following:

One cannot change the past but can shape and help influence the future… Look forward always and your life shall be true!

Today, it is his birthday and while I may not have any words of wisdom, I am looking forward! I am looking forward to many years of his positive influence in my life. I am looking forward to all that life has to bring. I am looking forward …!

Indeed, not with certainty but I am looking forward. I am looking forward because I now fully understand that nothing can be gained by reflections of the past. So, I look forward in faith for rooted I know that I can withstand the winds of change.

To a life lived in the present whilst looking forward to what tomorrow brings. Happy birthday dad!

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Food for thought from Polanyi

The unprecedented critical lucidity of modern man is fused here with his equally unprecedented moral demands and produces an angry absolute individualism. But adjacent to this, the same fusion produces political teachings which sanction the total suppression of the individual. Scientific skepticism and moral perfectionism join forces then in a movement denouncing any appeal to moral ideals as futile and dishonest. Its perfectionism demands a total transformation of society; but this Utopian project is not allowed to declare itself. It conceals its moral motives by embodying them in a struggle for power, believed to bring about automatically the aims of utopia.

Wow, I am totally blown away by the quote above by Michael Polanyi. The quote is from his book titled: The Tacit Dimension (1966). I know there is no context provided but I think that is what makes it an incredible food for thought quote!

One day I might venture into unpacking this quote but that day is not near. I am afraid that I lack the eloquence to put in writing that which I believe Polanyi is saying 🙁 .

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My wish for 2010

2010 has finally arrived! This is the year that I shall turn 30 and all I wish for as I enter my third decade of existence is a life filled with no dilemmas. I simply want my life to be dictated by my priorities.

I have come to a realisation that dilemmas only serve to put us at crossroads where one only has the option of making it or breaking it. And because of possible fear of not making it, one often fails to take appropriate action especially when that action may lead to others disapproving. I don’t want to be a prisoner of fear and for this reason I want a life where I won’t have to make a decision about anything because all will be decided by my priorities. At times, this won’t make me popular with some of my loved ones but my goal is not to hurt anyone. My goal is to live an inspired life filled with water walking experiences! Yes it is a tall order but its time I compensated for my height 😉 .

This is my wish for 2010 and years to come. I don’t know what wishes all my friends and family have but I hope that the wishes come true.

God Bless !

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Last Steps of the Journey: Part II

This entry will continue from the previous blog. The focus will be on the strategy employed to develop the prototype. As mentioned before, the prototype service is needed for validating the proposed architecture for building IVR systems. The development involved three major phases excluding the requirements analysis phase. These are:

  1. Building the service ontology – This ontology captures information about services in Grahamstown. The ontology answers questions such as: ‘where to get a free service?’ and ‘which non-governmental organisation offers X ?’
  2. Designing the VoiceXML application – This part of the work focused on the actual dialogs that constitute the service. Since IVRs are notorious for causing frustration to users, the goal was to attempt to create an application that provide users with a satisfactory experience 😉 .
  3. Implementing the whole system – The focus here was on bringing all elements together such that a user can call, put a request, have the ontology queried and finally have a response returned back to the user. Gaining “perfect” fluidity to this seemingly simple goal involved a number of things, which I shall not discuss in this blog (partly because I am tired but mostly because I don’t want focus to be removed from the value of employing a strategy that encourages divide-and-conquer).
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Last Steps of the Journey: Part I

It is has been a while since I blogged. So I will break down what I have been up to over a few blog entries. This particular blog will focus on the overall picture of my work.

My work is underpinned by a need to have an architecture that is flexible and standard based for supporting development of IVR (Interactive Voice Response) applications. As it stands, despite providing unsatisfying user experience in the past, IVR technologies are still seen as pivotal in realising a new generation of self-service voice systems. There are a number of reasons for this including the fact that telephones and mobile phones are ubiquitous (just go to http://www.ametw.com/ and download the Africa Mobile Factbook for statistics on the mobile phones penetration in Africa). This means that there is, for example, a strong “market” for IVR applications – not just in the commercial sense but also for use in supporting social innovation 😉 .

With the above providing part of the motivation, the goal is to use IVR technologies (specifically VoiceXML) to propose an architecture for building IVR systems with high configurable dialogs to improve user experience. The premise is that the effort to customise (configure) each dialog to suit each users’ goals will bring intelligence to IVR systems – a component that is possibly a source of much user frustration.

In a nutshell, the proposed architecture builds IVR systems by generating dialogs using VoiceXML and a rich backend. The backend comprises of a specially built interface that allows a reasoner to interact with any ontology-based knowledge base in order to generate dialogs. In the context of AI, the interface can be regarded as some sort of an inference engine.

Architectural Design Considerations

An overarching consideration is to ensure that the architecture is flexible. Another important consideration is to ensure that the generated dialogs do not violate any principles of user interface design. This translates into ensuring that:

  • Menu options do not exceed five options. Otherwise this is will result in an overload on the short-term memory of the user. Consequently, the user will have problems remembering the presented options.
  • Break content into small chucks to enhance memorability by introducing rhetorical questions or using quiz type questions. However, the number of dialogs generated should be kept at a minimum.

Case Study: Service Directory for Locating HIV Test Providers

As part of the methodology, a case study is included to act as a proof of concept for validating the proposed architecture. This proof of concept case study is a service directory for locating HIV test providers.

The case study is built from a service provider ontology, which together with individual facts about specific service providers forms a knowledge base. This is strictly in the context of defining a knowledge base as an entity made up of a terminological box (TBox) and an assertional box (ABox). In simple terms, TBox refers to the definitions of various concepts and how they relate to each other within an ontology while ABox refers to the individual facts associated with the definitions in the TBox.

Below is a quote from good old Wiki to provide another angle to the definitions of TBox and ABox:

Tbox statements are sometimes associated with object-oriented classes and Abox statements associated with instances of those classes.

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